The former player: 'I hoped to carry on playing'
Important note: This piece includes descriptions of racially offensive language and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that going public to expose racism in professional rugby led his professional journey to an premature end.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the sport, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what went on," he explained to media outlets.
"I really hoped to continue playing, of course I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when word emerged that there were investigations going on.
"That was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the fate and accept that this whole situation is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization report in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "likely correct", but said it could not collect enough evidence to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told media he also encountered prejudice within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his debut in 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Some discrimination and some just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the issue that I've personally suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a period of time you just begin to think that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was finally spurred to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the elite game and to the introduction of an strategy for the professional game."
"The organization has placed considerable focus on diversity and inclusion in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both prior and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"We are ongoing work with clubs and partners in the professional game to strive for a culture of inclusivity but acknowledge this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
All Premiership and women's rugby club now has in-person education on creating welcoming environments, with its success monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England players, including youth squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to intervene and defend others from damaging conduct.
"You be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our view, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away shortly after the filming of the film, and his sibling passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the game more open.
His charitable organization aims to reach children in under-served communities and help them succeed on and off the pitch with free sports training, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My intentions are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is willing to share their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he explained.
"We have an responsibility to make the game as excellent as it can be and the more I talk about it hopefully the more confident others will become about discussing their personal stories as well.
"I need to take the challenge by the opportunity and continue bearing this banner and continue carrying this weight and do what I can to create possibilities and make the sport more appealing and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely believe that rugby has the ability to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in late 2022